1. Pre adjustment shall be done based on experience before printing

首先，根據(jù)打樣稿或印版圖文面積，粗略調(diào)節(jié)各色組墨斗的下墨量。在配有墨色遙控系統(tǒng)的機(jī)器上，這項(xiàng)工作更易完成。對(duì)此應(yīng)有八成以上的估算，不要在印刷時(shí)邊印邊大范圍地調(diào)整墨量，以免造成很大的色差。

First, roughly adjust the amount of ink in the ink bucket of each color group according to the area of proofing draft or printing plate. On machines equipped with ink remote control system, this work is easier to complete. There should be an estimate of more than 80%. Don't adjust the ink amount in a large range while printing, so as not to cause great color difference.

其次，按照生產(chǎn)工藝單的要求和該產(chǎn)品的特點(diǎn)，預(yù)先調(diào)節(jié)好飛達(dá)、收紙、油墨性能、壓力大小等各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，避免在正式印刷時(shí)手忙腳亂。其中，確保飛達(dá)可靠、連續(xù)、穩(wěn)定地輸紙是重要的。有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的操作人員都是先根據(jù)紙張的幅面、厚度，預(yù)先調(diào)整好吹氣、吸氣、壓腳、壓簧、壓紙輪、側(cè)規(guī)、前規(guī)等，理順各部件之間的運(yùn)動(dòng)配合關(guān)系，確保飛達(dá)流暢地輸紙，避免因飛達(dá)打頓而造成墨色深淺不一。這里建議，有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的工人師傅可以對(duì)飛達(dá)進(jìn)行預(yù)先調(diào)整。

Secondly, according to the requirements of the production process sheet and the characteristics of the product, adjust Feida, paper receiving, ink performance, pressure and other links in advance to avoid rush during formal printing. Among them, ensuring Feida's reliable, continuous and stable paper feeding is the most important. Experienced operators first adjust the blowing, suction, presser foot, compression spring, paper pressing wheel, side gauge, front gauge, etc. according to the width and thickness of the paper, straighten out the movement cooperation relationship between various parts, ensure Feida's smooth paper feeding, and avoid the difference of ink color caused by Feida's beating. It is suggested that experienced workers can adjust Feida in advance.

此外，還要針對(duì)該印品的用紙質(zhì)量好壞、圖文面積大小，事先對(duì)油墨的黏度、流動(dòng)性、干燥性等適當(dāng)調(diào)節(jié)，以提高其印刷適性，確保印刷正常進(jìn)行，不能因經(jīng)常停機(jī)清洗橡皮布和印版上的紙毛、墨皮而造成墨色深淺不一。如果到了印刷中途再加入各種撤黏劑、調(diào)墨油，出現(xiàn)色彩偏差是肯定的。

In addition, according to the paper quality and graphic area of the print, the viscosity, fluidity and dryness of the ink should be properly adjusted in advance to improve its printing suitability and ensure the normal printing. The ink color should not be different due to frequent shutdown to clean the paper wool and ink skin on the blanket and printing plate. If you add all kinds of adhesive remover and ink blending oil in the middle of printing, the color deviation is certain.

總之，將開(kāi)機(jī)前的預(yù)調(diào)工作做好，就可以大大降低正式開(kāi)印后的故障，機(jī)長(zhǎng)也才有時(shí)間和精力集中看好墨色。

In short, by doing a good job of pre adjustment before startup, the faults after official printing can be greatly reduced, and the captain has time and energy to focus on the ink color.

2．正確調(diào)節(jié)水、墨輥壓力

2. Correctly adjust the pressure of water and ink roller

在印刷過(guò)程中，印版圖文部分必須得到連續(xù)不斷、均勻適量的油墨，才能獲得墨色一致的印品。因此，墨輥與墨輥之間、墨輥與印版之間，必須保持恰當(dāng)?shù)慕佑|和滾動(dòng)關(guān)系，以實(shí)現(xiàn)油墨的良好傳遞。如果這項(xiàng)工作做得不細(xì)致，不正確，墨色就不會(huì)保持一致。因此，每次安裝水、墨輥時(shí)，都堅(jiān)持采用軋墨杠的方法來(lái)逐一調(diào)節(jié)它們之間的壓力，而不用塞尺試?yán)Φ膫鹘y(tǒng)方法，因?yàn)楹笳咭蚋鞣N人為因素導(dǎo)致的實(shí)際誤差較大，在多色、高速機(jī)上更要禁用。至于軋墨杠的寬度，一般以4～5mm為宜。先調(diào)節(jié)傳墨輥與串墨輥之間的壓力，再調(diào)節(jié)著墨輥與串墨輥、印版滾筒之間的壓力，后再調(diào)節(jié)傳水輥、靠版水輥、串水輥、中間輥相互之間的壓力，還有靠版水輥與印版滾筒之間的壓力，這幾個(gè)水路之間的墨杠以6mm為宜。

In the printing process, the image and text part of the printing plate must be continuously and evenly applied with an appropriate amount of ink in order to obtain a printing product with consistent ink color. Therefore, the proper contact and rolling relationship must be maintained between the ink roller and the ink roller, and between the ink roller and the printing plate, so as to realize the good transmission of ink. If this work is not done carefully and correctly, the ink color will not be consistent. Therefore, each time the water and ink rollers are installed, the ink rolling bar is used to adjust the pressure between them one by one, instead of the traditional method of feeler gauge tension test, because the latter has large actual errors caused by various human factors, which should be banned on multi-color and high-speed machines. As for the width of the ink rolling bar, it is generally 4 ~ 5mm. First adjust the pressure between the ink transfer roller and the inking roller, then adjust the pressure between the ink roller, the inking roller and the printing plate roller, and finally adjust the pressure between the water transfer roller, the plate water roller, the water transfer roller and the intermediate roller, as well as the pressure between the plate water roller and the printing plate roller. The ink bar between these waterways should be 6mm.

設(shè)備在使用了兩三個(gè)月后還要對(duì)其進(jìn)行重新調(diào)整，因?yàn)槟伣?jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的高速摩擦后，直徑都會(huì)變小，尤其在傳動(dòng)中較為明顯。墨輥之間的壓力變小了，油墨堆積在墨輥上就會(huì)傳不下來(lái)，當(dāng)飛達(dá)打頓或停機(jī)再續(xù)印時(shí)，由于這時(shí)下墨量大，造成前幾十張甚至幾百?gòu)埖哪^深，理想的水墨平衡難以實(shí)現(xiàn)。這一故障一般不易發(fā)現(xiàn)，只有在承印較精細(xì)的印品時(shí)才較為明顯?？傊@方面的操作要細(xì)致、方法要科學(xué)，否則就會(huì)引起水、墨杠、印品的叼口和拖梢部位墨色深淺不一，人為地造成了故障并增大了操作難度。

The equipment needs to be readjusted after two or three months of use, because the diameter of the ink roller will become smaller after a period of high-speed friction, especially in the transmission. When the pressure between the ink rollers becomes smaller, the ink accumulated on the ink rollers will not be transmitted. When Feida stops printing or stops printing again, due to the large amount of ink at this time, the ink color of the first dozens or even hundreds of sheets is deep, and the ideal ink balance is difficult to achieve. This fault is generally not easy to find, and is more obvious only when printing fine prints. In short, the operation in this area should be meticulous and the method should be scientific. Otherwise, the ink color of the mouth and trailing tip of water, ink bar and printing will be different, which will artificially cause faults and increase the difficulty of operation.

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3．實(shí)現(xiàn)水墨平衡

3. Achieve ink balance

眾所周知，水墨平衡是膠印中的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容。如果造成水大墨大，使油墨發(fā)生水包油型乳化，印品質(zhì)量當(dāng)然就不會(huì)理想。通過(guò)長(zhǎng)期實(shí)踐，筆者摸索出了一些技巧。

As we all know, ink balance is an important content in offset printing. If the water is large and the ink is large, so that the oil in water emulsification of the ink occurs, the printing quality will not be ideal. Through long-term practice, the author has explored some skills.

首先，確保水、墨輥之間的壓力關(guān)系調(diào)節(jié)得當(dāng)，潤(rùn)版液和異丙醇的含量符合一般標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在此基礎(chǔ)上開(kāi)機(jī)，合上水、墨輥，之后停機(jī)查看印版，以印版叼口處略有3mm左右的粘臟為佳。將此時(shí)的水量作為印刷初始水量，就能保證一般圖文產(chǎn)品的正常印刷，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)水墨平衡。

First, ensure that the pressure relationship between water and ink roller is properly adjusted, and the content of fountain solution and isopropanol meets the general standard. On this basis, start the machine, close the water and ink rollers, and then stop the machine to check the printing plate. It is better to have a slight dirt of about 3mm at the mouth of the printing plate. Taking the water volume at this time as the initial water volume of printing can ensure the normal printing of general graphic products and basically realize the balance of water and ink.

其次，根據(jù)其他因素靈活調(diào)整用水量，如印版圖文面積較大，紙張表面較粗糙，油墨中需加入添加劑，印刷速度及空氣溫、濕度等變化時(shí)。

Secondly, the water consumption shall be flexibly adjusted according to other factors, such as the large graphic area of the printing plate, the rough surface of the paper, the need to add additives to the ink, and the change of printing speed, air temperature and humidity.

此外，筆者還發(fā)現(xiàn)機(jī)器剛開(kāi)印時(shí)，機(jī)身溫度較低，而當(dāng)機(jī)器高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)了一兩個(gè)小時(shí)后，機(jī)身溫度，特別是膠輥溫度會(huì)上升一倍以上，甚至更高，此時(shí)用水量就要逐漸加大，直至水墨達(dá)到新的平衡狀態(tài)。

In addition, the author also found that when the machine just started printing, the body temperature is low, and when the machine runs at high speed for one or two hours, the body temperature, especially the cot temperature, will more than double or even higher. At this time, the water consumption will gradually increase until the ink reaches a new balance.

可見(jiàn)，要實(shí)現(xiàn)水墨平衡并非易事，需要操作人員多方權(quán)衡、辨證運(yùn)用。否則，墨色穩(wěn)定性難以控制，印不出優(yōu)質(zhì)的印品。

It can be seen that it is not easy to realize the balance of ink and wash, which requires operators to weigh and use dialectically. Otherwise, the ink stability is difficult to control and high-quality prints cannot be printed.

4．打樣稿的校正和色序安排

4. Proofing correction and color sequence arrangement

生產(chǎn)中常會(huì)遇到這樣的情況：客戶提供的樣稿很不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，或者不打樣而只提供一張彩噴稿。這時(shí)要具體情況具體分析，不能用硬性加大墨量或減小墨量的辦法來(lái)追打樣稿的效果。即使剛開(kāi)始做到了和打樣稿較接近，但也無(wú)法保證墨色的穩(wěn)定性，從而無(wú)法保證印品終質(zhì)量。對(duì)此，印刷廠應(yīng)當(dāng)以認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)的態(tài)度積極和客戶交流意見(jiàn)，指出樣稿存在的問(wèn)題和修改建議，取得同意后方可適當(dāng)調(diào)整再印刷。

We often encounter such situations in production: the sample provided by the customer is very non-standard, or only one color spray draft is provided without proofing. At this time, we should analyze the specific situation. We can't use the method of hard increasing or reducing the amount of ink to pursue the effect of proofing. Even if it is close to the proofing draft at the beginning, the stability of the ink cannot be guaranteed, so the final quality of the printing cannot be guaranteed. In this regard, the printing factory shall actively exchange opinions with customers with a serious and responsible attitude, point out the problems existing in the sample and suggestions for modification, and make appropriate adjustment and re printing after obtaining consent.

生產(chǎn)中通常是以油墨黏度來(lái)確定多色機(jī)的印刷色序，由于在多色印刷中，油墨是以濕壓濕的方式疊印在一起，只有獲得佳的疊印率，才能印出墨色穩(wěn)定、一致的印品。印刷色序的安排必須服從印品的特點(diǎn)和質(zhì)量要求，而不能一成不變。同時(shí)，也可以對(duì)油墨黏度做出調(diào)整。如一個(gè)以紫色為主的封面和一個(gè)以天藍(lán)色為主的封面，其印刷色序就不同，前者先青后品紅，后者先品紅后青，否則疊印出來(lái)的色彩就會(huì)呈斑點(diǎn)狀，既不平服也不穩(wěn)定。如以黑色為主的印品，黑色就應(yīng)盡量安排在后一個(gè)色組，這樣印出來(lái)的印品，黑色的光澤度較好，也避免了機(jī)器內(nèi)部擦痕和混色現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。

In production, the printing color sequence of multi-color machine is usually determined by ink viscosity. In multi-color printing, the ink is overprinted together in a wet pressing and wet way. Only by obtaining the best overprint rate can we print prints with stable and consistent ink color. The arrangement of printing color sequence must be subject to the characteristics and quality requirements of printing products, not invariable. At the same time, you can also adjust the ink viscosity. For example, the printing color sequence of a purple based cover and a sky blue based cover is different. The former is first green and then magenta, and the latter is first magenta and then green. Otherwise, the overprinted color will be spot like, which is neither plain nor stable. For example, for black based prints, black should be arranged in the last color group as far as possible. In this way, the printed prints have better black gloss and avoid scratches and color mixing inside the machine.

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5．培養(yǎng)良好的操作習(xí)慣，加強(qiáng)工作責(zé)任心

5. Cultivate good operation habits and strengthen the sense of responsibility

做任何工作都要有高度的責(zé)任心和較強(qiáng)的質(zhì)量意識(shí)，必須規(guī)范工藝操作，堅(jiān)持"三平"、"三勤"等好的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣。以勤對(duì)樣張為例，在對(duì)照樣板上的簽字樣時(shí)，由于距離、角度、光源等的不同，都會(huì)使視覺(jué)產(chǎn)生偏差，導(dǎo)致墨色前后不一致，這時(shí)必須把簽字樣從樣板上取下來(lái)仔細(xì)比較才行；長(zhǎng)版活的印版需要烤版，以減少換版造成的墨色偏差；橡皮布要經(jīng)常清洗，每次清洗后都要多放吸墨紙讓墨色走穩(wěn)；飛達(dá)打頓后，剛起印的五六張墨色太深要抽出，印刷速度不可貪快，重要的是保持機(jī)器穩(wěn)定、正常；給墨斗添墨時(shí)，由于新墨較硬且流動(dòng)性較差，要多攪拌幾下，以免影響下墨量，造成墨色偏差等。

To do any work, we must have a high sense of responsibility and strong quality awareness, standardize process operation, and adhere to good traditional habits such as "three leveling" and "three diligence". Take the example of frequently checking the sample sheet. When comparing the signature words on the template, due to the different distance, angle and light source, the vision will deviate, resulting in inconsistent ink color. At this time, the signature words must be removed from the template and compared carefully; Long version live printing plate needs baking to reduce the ink deviation caused by plate change; The blanket should be cleaned frequently, and more blotting paper should be put after each cleaning to stabilize the ink color; After Feida's printing, the five or six newly printed inks are too deep to be drawn out. The printing speed should not be greedy. The important thing is to keep the machine stable and normal; When adding ink to the ink bucket, because the new ink is hard and has poor fluidity, it should be stirred several times to avoid affecting the amount of ink and causing ink color deviation.