For conventional printed matter, the usual printing method is lithography. Therefore, the printing method to be introduced below refers to lithography.

印刷方式可以劃分為單色印刷和多色印刷，在一個印刷過程中，只在承印物上印刷一種墨色時稱為單色印刷（包括單色和專色）。在一個印刷過程中，在承印物上印刷兩種或兩種以上墨色的稱為多色印刷。就國內(nèi)印刷企業(yè)現(xiàn)狀而言，單色和雙色印刷一般采用國產(chǎn)印刷機(jī)完成。

Printing methods can be divided into monochrome printing and multi-color printing. In a printing process, when only one ink color is printed on the substrate, it is called monochrome printing (including monochrome and spot color). In a printing process, printing two or more ink colors on the substrate is called multicolor printing. In terms of the current situation of domestic printing enterprises, monochrome and two-color printing are generally completed by domestic printing machines.

四色及四色以上印刷品和個別要求較高的兩色印刷品一般采用進(jìn)口印刷機(jī)來完成，因此從成本上講，單色印刷品成本低，然后由低到高的順序分別是專色、雙色、四色及四色以上的印刷品。

Four color and above prints and some two-color prints with high requirements are generally completed by imported printing machines. Therefore, in terms of cost, the cost of monochrome prints is low, and then the order from low to high is spot color, two-color, four-color and above prints.

印刷品是采用單色、雙色、四色或四色以上的哪種印刷方式，可按以下各種印刷方式的特點(diǎn)來決定。

The printing method of monochrome, two-color, four-color or more can be determined according to the characteristics of the following printing methods.

一．單色印刷：

1、 Monochrome printing:

1．黑白單色：通常在承印物上只印黑色的印刷方式，稱為黑白印刷。由于紙張的顏色通常為白色，為方便閱讀，所以以黑白印刷的印刷品居多。黑白印刷還具有物美價廉的特點(diǎn)，故目前是印刷業(yè)中普遍的印刷方式。黑白印刷適用于以文字和線條圖為主的印刷品。

1. Black and white monochrome: the printing method that usually prints only black on the substrate is called black and white printing. Because the color of the paper is usually white, in order to facilitate reading, most of the printed matter is printed in black and white. Black and white printing also has the characteristics of high quality and low price, so it is a common printing method in the printing industry. Black and white printing is suitable for printed materials dominated by text and line drawings.

2．專色印刷：通常在承印物上只印除黑色以外一種顏色的印刷方式，稱為專色印刷。如印藍(lán)色、紅色、綠色或特殊單一顏色（專色）。近幾年為節(jié)約成本，同時也為使書刊看起來美觀、活潑、有彩色的效果，專色印刷也被廣泛采用。在專色印刷中，為進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)彩色的效果，一本書中可同時交叉采用幾種不同的專色進(jìn)行印刷，采用這種方式印刷，則對排版、拼版和印刷的要求較高，每一個環(huán)節(jié)都要把握這樣一個原則，即在同一塊印版上的內(nèi)容（頁碼）只能采用同一種顏色印刷，否則這種方式就失去了意義。專色印刷的成本較黑白印刷相對要高些。

2. Spot color printing: usually, only one color other than black is printed on the substrate, which is called spot color printing. Such as blue, red, green or special single color (spot color). In recent years, spot color printing has also been widely used in order to save costs and make books and periodicals look beautiful, lively and colorful. In spot color printing, in order to further enhance the effect of color, a book can be printed with several different spot colors at the same time. Printing in this way requires higher requirements for typesetting, composition and printing. Each link should grasp the principle that the content (page number) on the same printing plate can only be printed in the same color, Otherwise, this way will lose its meaning. The cost of spot color printing is relatively higher than that of black-and-white printing.

二．雙色印刷：

2、 Two color printing:

雙色印刷適用于版式活潑、圖文對比突出的一般性科普圖書、中小學(xué)教材和簡單宣傳印刷品等。它的特點(diǎn)是：有彩色效果且成本相對較低，對紙張要求也不是很高，一般選用膠版紙、輕型紙即可。

Two color printing is suitable for general popular science books, primary and secondary school textbooks and simple publicity prints with lively layout and prominent graphic comparison. It is characterized by color effect, relatively low cost and low requirements for paper. Offset paper and light paper are generally used.

三．四色及四色以上印刷：

3、 Four color and above printing:

四色印刷能很好的再現(xiàn)作品的藝術(shù)效果，對排版、軟片（菲林、膠片）、印版、油墨、設(shè)備、操作人員等要求較高，成本也較高。四色印刷適用于文中有大量以色彩圖片為住的中、高檔印刷品。如宣傳冊、畫冊及封面等。應(yīng)該說，選定了印刷品采用幾色印刷，就為排版方式的選擇，紙張的選用奠定了基礎(chǔ)。此外，膠印印刷按機(jī)械化程度又分為平張印刷和輪轉(zhuǎn)印刷，平張印刷的特點(diǎn)是節(jié)約紙張，但是相對輪轉(zhuǎn)印刷較慢，輪轉(zhuǎn)印刷的特點(diǎn)是紙張損耗較平張印刷大，但印刷速度快，且印刷完成后順帶折頁工作也同時完成，輪轉(zhuǎn)印刷一般適宜于印數(shù)在1萬以上，出版時間要求較短的印刷品。近年來，八色大幅面輪轉(zhuǎn)印刷機(jī)的大量引入，不僅豐富了期刊雜 志和教材的印刷市場，對平張四色膠印機(jī)在價 格和工期上也帶來了不小的沖擊。

Four color printing can well reproduce the artistic effect of works. It has high requirements for typesetting, film (film, film), printing plate, ink, equipment and operators, and high cost. Four color printing is suitable for medium and high-grade prints with a large number of color pictures in the text. Such as brochures, picture albums and covers. It should be said that the selection of several colors for printing has laid a foundation for the selection of typesetting methods and paper. In addition, offset printing is divided into flat sheet printing and rotary printing according to the degree of mechanization. Flat sheet printing is characterized by saving paper, but it is slower than rotary printing. Rotary printing is characterized by greater paper loss than flat sheet printing, but the printing speed is fast, and the accompanying folding work is completed at the same time after printing. Rotary printing is generally suitable for printing more than 10000, Printed matter requiring shorter publication time. In recent years, a large number of eight color large format wheel transfer printing machines have been introduced, which not only enriches the printing market of journals, magazines and teaching materials, but also has a great impact on the price and construction period of flat four-color offset press.

四．?dāng)?shù)字印刷：

4、 Digital printing:

數(shù)字印刷不同于膠版印刷，是一種無軟片、無印版、無壓力的印刷方式。數(shù)字印刷實(shí)現(xiàn)了印前和印刷的一步到位，不存在印前成本的分擔(dān)問題，所以，無論是印刷多少張，都不會影響單頁成本，它適用于按需印刷、個性化印刷和異地印刷，它適用于印數(shù)在200冊以內(nèi)的短版印刷品。由于此印刷方式的數(shù)字油墨和墨粉加工復(fù)雜，成本較高，加之需要的操作人員素質(zhì)較高，所以數(shù)字印刷的單位價 格還較高。

Digital printing is different from offset printing. It is a printing method without film, plate and pressure. Digital printing realizes one step of prepress and printing, and there is no problem of sharing prepress cost. Therefore, no matter how many copies are printed, it will not affect the single page cost. It is suitable for on-demand printing, personalized printing and remote printing, and it is suitable for short print with less than 200 copies. Due to the complex processing of digital ink and toner, high cost and high quality of operators, the unit price of digital printing is still high.